I am not sure I would say CAP functions like other attachments. It can be acted upon by another squadron through Carrier Actions. You may be right that "it is all there," but like I said it has to be pieced together.
So what happens to orphaned attachments? To Escorts and CAP? And where is that addressed in the rules? If it is not addressed in the rules then people have to figure out by inference. The rules state that attachments, escorts and CAP must be attached to Parent. It is just as valid in logic to infer they are lost when the parent is lost as it is to say they become independent squadrons. Something that is not described in the rules except to imply it is not allowed. It is silly to use that interpretation but the approach you use would allow it.
Lastly the extensive changes from the 2.0 rules and interpretations for SAS should have been addressed specifically. That is just good communication. One can not say that the Spartan rules sets have not needed interpretation and further refinement in the past.None are perfect, so expecting people to understand it when they can't sure it isn't wrong and overcoming past expectations by piecing a rule set together is a bit hard.
As I read the rules, there is nothing to support the idea that an attachment of any sort should cease to exist when the parent squadron is destroyed. Regarding the Disorder rules, I think what we have here are some vestigal elements from the edits made to the rules for the 2.0 to 2.5 transition. The specific mention of CAP in the Disorder section on page 105 seems to be a left-over from 2.0 when you could attach and detach CAP at will. Another editing error can be seen when you look at page 186. The CAP section there refers to "Combat Air Patrol rules on Page 86," but that is the wrong page number! So, I think it is probably best to disregard the language on pg 105 given how its inconsistent with the rest of the revised rules.
Here is my interpretation:
-Escorts, CAP, and other models with the Attachment MAR can be attached to a Parent Squadron (Pg 80, and Pg 160)
-A parent squadron with any sort of attachment becomes a Mixed Squadron (Pg 79)
-A Mixed Squadron behaves as any normal squadron would for the purposes of Disorder, command, actions, etc (Pg 80)
-Escorts are an exception from the normal mixed squadron rules in that the loss of an escort does not trigger a Disorder test (Pg 80, Pg 196)
-CAP are an exception from the normal Mixed Squadron rules in that the loss of the CAP does not trigger a disorder test (Pg 80)
So, what that means in the case of the CAP is that it is deployed with its parent model at the start of the game, and activates with the parent model during the Squadron Activation Phase.
Now, what is not covered, and is still open to interpretation IMO:
-Can a completely destroyed CAP be re-launched as a new SAS of any type by a CV?
-Can a CAP be re-tasked by a friendly CV (ie, changed from fighters to dive/torpedo bombers)? Does the answer to this question change if the parent squadron is destroyed, and the CAP is left by itself?
What I'm in favor of is that a destroyed CAP can be re-launched as a standard SAS by a friendly CV, as it keeps the re-launch rules and procedures straightforward (if you have a dead SAS in your scrap yard, its eligible for re-launch). I also think that a friendly carrier should be permitted to perform re-task actions on a SAS that's attached as CAP, regardless of whether the parent squadron is dead or alive; the rules for CV actions (pg 88) state that they can be performed on any SAS, and there are no exceptions for CAP listed.